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Some theonyms, proper names and other terminology of the Mitanni are considered to form (part of) an Indo-Aryan superstrate, suggesting that an Indo-Aryan elite imposed itself over the Hurrian population in the course of the Indo-Aryan expansion. In a treaty between the Hittites and the Mitanni (between Suppiluliuma and Shattiwaza, c. 1380 BC), the deities Mitra, Varuna, Indra, and Nasatya (Ashvins) are invoked. Kikkuli's horse training text (''circa'' 1400 BC) includes technical terms such as ''aika'' (Vedic Sanskrit ''eka'', one), ''tera'' (''tri'', three), ''panza'' (''pañca'', five), ''satta'' (''sapta'', seven), ''na'' (''nava'', nine), ''vartana'' (''vartana'', round). The numeral ''aika'' "one" is of particular importance because it places the superstrate in the vicinity of Indo-Aryan proper (Vedic Sanskrit ''eka'', with regular contraction of /ai/ to ()) as opposed to Indo-Iranian or early Iranian (which has '' *aiva''; compare Vedic ''eva'' "only") in general. Another text has ''babru(-nnu)'' (''babhru'', brown), ''parita(-nnu)'' (''palita'', grey), and ''pinkara(-nnu)'' (''pingala'', red). Their chief festival was the celebration of the solstice (''vishuva'') which was common in most cultures in the ancient world. The Mitanni warriors were called ''marya'' (Hurrian: maria-nnu), the term for (young) warrior in Sanskrit as well;〔Manfred Mayrhofer, Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen, Heidelberg 1986-2000, II 293〕 note mišta-nnu (= miẓḍha,~ Sanskrit mīḍha) "payment (for catching a fugitive)" (Mayrhofer II 358). Sanskritic interpretations of Mitanni names render Artashumara (artaššumara) as Arta-smara "who thinks of Arta/Ṛta" (Mayrhofer II 780), Biridashva (biridašṷa, biriiašṷa) as Prītāśva "whose horse is dear" (Mayrhofer II 182), Priyamazda (priiamazda) as Priyamedha "whose wisdom is dear" (Mayrhofer II 189, II378), Citrarata as citraratha "whose chariot is shining" (Mayrhofer I 553), Indaruda/Endaruta as Indrota "helped by Indra" (Mayrhofer I 134), Shativaza (šattiṷaza) as Sātivāja "winning the race price" (Mayrhofer II 540, 696), Šubandhu as Subandhu 'having good relatives" (a name in Palestine, Mayrhofer II 209, 735), Tushratta (tṷišeratta, tušratta, etc.) as *tṷaišaratha, Vedic Tveṣaratha "whose chariot is vehement" (Mayrhofer I 686, I 736). Archaeologists have attested a striking parallel in the spread to Syria of a distinct pottery type associated with what they call the Kura-Araxes culture.〔James P. Mallory, "Kuro-Araxes Culture", ''Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture'', Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997.〕 ==Attested words and comparisons== All of the following examples are from Witzel (2001).〔Michael Witzel (2001): Autochthonous Aryans? The evidence from Old Indian and Iranian texts. Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies 7(3): 1–115.〕 For the pronunciation of the sounds transcribed from cuneiform as ''š'' and ''z'', see Proto-Semitic language#Fricatives. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Indo-Aryan superstrate in Mitanni」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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